These are Primarily
ULTRASONIC Tx Rx pair working in 30 to 60 khz frequency range.
Power and sensing distance is generally in tens of meters.
I have obtained upto 40m. A variant of these where the Tx Rx is
in single module is also used in reverse parking sensors of cars
but the range is limited to 5 m only. The Costs given are only indicative of a
hobby project.